Fungi encyclopedia
A reference for the fungi you actually find
Each entry describes one species the way you meet it in the field — the cap and its surface, what sits underneath, the stipe and its base, the spore print colour, the substrate it fruits from, and the species most often confused with it.
Flat, paint-like growths on bark and wood
Common Script Lichen
Crusts
A pale grey bark crust inscribed with fine black branching slits that look like handwriting or hieroglyphs across the trunk.
Spore print · Not applicable
False Turkey Tail
Crusts
A thin, fan-shaped bracket banded in tan, orange and brown that mimics the true Turkey Tail from above but has a completely smooth, poreless underside.
Spore print · White
Hairy Curtain Crust
Crusts
A thin, tough, wavy bracket with a hairy, concentrically zoned grey-buff top and a completely smooth bright orange-yellow underside with no pores, gills or teeth.
Spore print · White
Aleurodiscus oakesii
Crusts
A corticioid fungus that colonises the outer bark of living oaks, producing sunken, smooth grey patches studded with tiny cup- or disc-shaped fruiting bodies. The smooth, slightly depressed patches on an otherwise rough trunk are the easiest field character.
Spore print · White
Bleeding Broadleaf Crust
Crusts
A thick, pale, mostly flat crust that hugs dead broadleaf branches and releases a bright red juice when scratched while fresh. Its surface is smooth to slightly lumpy, with barely any turned-out edge.
Spore print · White
Bleeding Conifer Crust
Crusts
A thin greyish crust on conifer wood with a wavy, finely hairy margin that turns out from the substrate, releasing red droplets where fresh tissue is scratched. It is the standard bleeding Stereum of pine and spruce.
Spore print · White
Bleeding Oak Crust
Crusts
An oak-loving crust that spreads over dead wood and turns out small hairy tan brackets along its edge, releasing red droplets from a scratch on fresh tissue. It is thinner and more clearly reflexed than its broadleaf relatives.
Spore print · White
Ceramic Parchment
Crusts
A hard, long-lived crust that breaks into small pale tiles separated by dark cracks, looking exactly like crazed ceramic glaze on bare oak wood.
Spore print · White
Cobalt Crust
Crusts
An unmistakable resupinate fungus forming intense indigo to cobalt-blue velvety patches on the underside of fallen hardwood branches.
Spore print · White
Crowded Parchment
Crusts
Dense masses of small, thin, orange-tan fans that fuse along their edges to sheathe fallen hardwood twigs and branches. The underside is smooth and unbroken, with no pores or wrinkles.
Spore print · White
Dry Rot Fungus
Crusts
A flat, spreading wood-decay fungus forming rusty-brown wrinkled sheets edged with a thick white cottony margin, best known from structural conifer timber in damp buildings. Its pale, cord-like strands can travel long distances across masonry.
Spore print · Rusty brown
Glue Crust
Crusts
A thin grey-brown crust on hazel, famous for cementing a dead branch to a living one so that it stays suspended in the canopy.
Spore print · White
Jelly Rot
Crusts
A soft, gelatinous crust that turns its upper edge outward into small white hairy shelves, with a shocking orange-pink wrinkled and ridged spore surface beneath. It sprawls in overlapping sheets across fallen logs in late autumn.
Spore print · White
Map Lichen
Crusts
A vivid yellow-green crustose lichen whose black-rimmed patches meet like countries on a map, painting granite and slate in exposed mountain country.
Spore print · Not applicable
Netted Crust
Crusts
A soft, whitish-cream crust whose fertile surface is a shallow net of low wrinkles, with free cottony margins that peel away into small flaps.
Spore print · White
Oak Crust
Crusts
A thin lilac-grey waxy crust on dead oak twigs that curls away from the bark as it dries, exposing a dark brown to black under-surface.
Spore print · White
Oak Curtain Crust
Crusts
Thin, dark rust-brown tiers with wavy edges draped along oak stumps, with a velvety, smooth fertile surface and no pores.
Spore print · White
Rosy Crust
Crusts
A thin waxy crust in warm salmon-pink to coral-orange shades, spreading along dead attached twigs of hazel, oak and gorse.
Spore print · White
Sebacina incrustans
Crusts
A greyish-white waxy crust that creeps over soil and swallows grass stems, twigs and dead leaves in its path, coating them in a smooth continuous skin. Its upward-turned free edge is often shallowly lobed.
Spore print · White
Silky Parchment
Crusts
A small, thin, pale fan-shaped crust with a distinctly silky, finely lined upper surface and a smooth whitish underside. It is most often found on the slim dead branches of hornbeam and its relatives.
Spore print · White
Silverleaf Fungus
Crusts
A thin, tiered crust with turned-out bracket edges: white and hairy above, smooth violet-purple below. It is the cause of silver leaf in plums, cherries and other rosaceous trees.
Spore print · White
Tear Dropper
Crusts
A thin, closely attached crust fungus on dead conifer wood whose cream to pale ochre surface is roughened with fine spines and often beaded with clear droplets when fresh. It is one of the small resupinate fungi easiest to name by that weeping habit.
Spore print · White
Waxy Crust
Crusts
A translucent, waxy-gelatinous layer that develops under the bark of dead oak branches, splitting and rolling the bark back to reveal itself on bare wood.
Spore print · White
Wet Rot Fungus
Crusts
A thin, closely attached crust that starts creamy white and matures to olive- or umber-brown, its surface roughened with small warts and lumps. It grows on persistently wet dead wood outdoors and on damp timber indoors.
Spore print · Olive-brown
Wrinkled Crust
Crusts
A waxy salmon to purplish-orange crust whose centre is thrown into radiating folds and warts, with a paler smooth fringe at the edge.
Spore print · White
Yellowing Curtain Crust
Crusts
A tiered bracket-forming crust with a velvety, concentrically zoned upper surface and a smooth pale underside that stains distinctly yellow where it is scratched. The yellow bruising is its defining field character.
Spore print · White